To Clarify Doctrine of Holy Trinity over against Eternal Functional Subordination of the Son

WHEREAS, The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod confesses the doctrine of the Holy Trinity according to the Holy Scriptures and the ecumenical creeds, especially the Nicene and Athanasian Creeds, that confess the Son as homoousios with the Father, equal in power, majesty, and glory; and

WHEREAS, Lutheran orthodoxy has consistently taught that distinctions within the Holy Trinity are grounded in the eternal relations of origin, namely, that the Father begets, the Son is begotten, and the Holy Spirit proceeds, and not in eternal relations of authority and submission; and

WHEREAS, The teaching commonly known as the Eternal Functional Subordination of the Son to the Father (EFS), asserts an eternal relation of authority and obedience between the Father and the Son within the immanent Trinity, there by introducing subordination into the Trinity, which the Scriptures and Lutheran Confessions assign to Christ only according to His assumed human nature; and

WHEREAS, A recently published scholarly article, “Eternal Subordination of the Son: Arianism Past and Present,” (Carl L. Beckwith, Concordia Theological Quarterly 89, no. 4 [Oct, 2025]: 307–328) has further demonstrated that EFS is incompatible with the Lutheran orthodox doctrine of the Trinity; and

WHEREAS,This same article exposes the chief proponents of EFS among evangelicals and further notes, in a documented footnote, that a book published by Concordia Publishing House (CPH) (Matthew C. Harrison and John T. Pless, eds., Women Pastors? The Ordination of Women in Biblical Lutheran Perspective, [CPH, 2008]), had at one time promoted or reflected this false teaching; and

WHEREAS, The Commission on Theology and Church Relations (CTCR) report, The Orderof Creation(adopted2022), treatsafocal text for EFS proponents, 1 Corinthians 11:3, in a way that could be read ambiguously or misleadingly, insofar as the text’s reference to God being the head of Christ is not clearly and consistently distinguished as referring to God’s head ship over Christ according to His assumed human nature andnot referring to an eternal relation of the Father to the Son; and

WHEREAS, It is not clear to what extent the false teaching of EFS may still have currency within the Synod, especially where language is used about being “ontologically equal and functionally subordinate”; and

WHEREAS, In addition to EFS, there have arisen modern social trinitarian teachings that view God as an inherently relational being, emphasizing the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as three distinct, conscious persons in an eternal, peri chore tic, loving communion who serve as a model for human relationships; and

WHEREAS, The Synod has entrusted the CTCR with the task of providing clear, confessional theological guidance for the church and her institutions; therefore be it

Resolved, That the Synod in convention request the CTCR to prepare and publish a theological clarification reaffirming the Lutheran orthodox doctrine of the Holy Trinity, evaluating contemporary social Trinity teachings and explicitly rejecting EFS;

and be it further

Resolved, That the Synod in convention respectfully request the CTCR to revisit and clarify its interpretation of 1 Corinthians 11:3 as presented in The Order of Creation; and be it finally

Resolved, That the Synod encourage ongoing catechesis of pastors, church workers, and congregations in the classical trinitarian doctrine confessed by the one holy catholic and apostolic Church, for the sake of the Gospel and the right confession of the Triune God.